Government officials in Canada announced a significant change in regulations regarding cruise ship wastewater discharges, emphasizing the need to strengthen environmental standards. Previously voluntary, these measures have now become mandatory, aligning with/surpassing the standards set by the IMO-International Maritime Organization. This decision comes in response to previous criticisms of Canada's lax standards and enforcement.
Omar Alghabra, Canada's Minister of Transport, acknowledged the economic contribution of cruise tourism, which amounts to over CAD 4 billion / USD 3 billion annually. However, he stressed the importance of protecting Canada's waters and environment and ensuring that cruise ships operate in a more sustainable manner.
The regulations (April 2022-introduced as voluntary) focused on addressing discharges of greywater (drainage from sinks, laundry machines, bathtubs, showers, or dishwashers) and sewage (wastewater from bathrooms and toilets). Greywater can contain substances such as detergents, cleaners, grease, and cooking oil, while sewage may contain pharmaceuticals and heavy metals.
The transition to mandatory regulations coincides with the peak season of the cruise industry in Canada, as cruise ships pass through Canadian coastal waters on their way to Alaska, making frequent stops in Vancouver BC and Victoria BC. The Alaskan market is projected to reach new records in 2023. Cruise ships also navigate along Canada's east coast and the St Lawrence Seaway.
The regulations apply to Canada's waters below the Arctic region and prohibit the discharge of greywater or treated sewage within three nautical miles from shore, where feasible. Stricter regulations on the treatment of greywater and sewage will also be enforced in the zone between three and twelve nautical miles offshore. Canada already has stringent regulations in place for its Arctic waterways.
Cruise ships are obligated to comply with the new regulations and will undergo inspections. Non-compliance will result in enforcement actions, including monetary penalties of up to CAD 250,000 / USD 190,000.
The introduction of the voluntary regulations in 2022 was a response to environmental groups' reports and lobbying efforts, which took advantage of the cruising pause during the crisis. These groups highlighted that cruise ships released over eight billion gallons of wastewater during the Alaska season in 2019.
The new rules may pose challenges for older cruise ships, as historically, some vessels were equipped with enhanced capabilities to navigate more demanding environments, such as Alaska and parts of Northern Europe. The industry emphasizes that newer cruise ships have incorporated advanced wastewater treatment technologies.